Hanoi, nestled along the banks of the Red River, is a city that seamlessly combines surprises, charm, and challenges. Its roots trace back to 1010 when Emperor Ly Thai To bestowed upon it the name "Thang Long," meaning "soaring dragon." With over a millennium of enduring wars, natural calamities, and changing regimes, this city has evolved from swampy terrain into the enchanting capital it stands as today. As you explore its streets, marvel at the ancient architecture, navigate the bustling swarm of motorbike-riding millennials, and savor a refreshing glass of bia hơi in the historic Old Quarter, here are 11 essential Hanoi must-see stops to make your visit memorable.

HO CHI MINH MAUSOLEUM

This commanding construction was built from 1973 to 1975 to house the embalmed body of Vietnam’s greatest political leader, Hồ Chí Minh. Visitors and Vietnamese queue for hours every morning to pay their respects to the cadaver, dressed in a khaki wardrobe and encased in a glass sarcophagus.

Hours: 8am - 11am, Tue-Thu, Sat-Sun (December to September) last entry at 10:15am

Address: So 1, Hung Vuong, Dien Bien, Ba Dinh

ONE PILLAR PAGODA

This Buddhist wooden pagoda was built in the middle of a lotus pond on a single stone pillar by the Emperor Ly Thai To in 1049. Archives suggest it was built in honor of the Goddess of Mercy, who answered the Emperor's prayers for a male heir. The structure is designed to resemble a lotus flower blossoming from muddy waters, a symbol of purity in Buddhist philosophy.

Hours: 8am - 11:30am everyday, and 2pm - 4pm, Tue-Thu, Sat-Sun

Address: Chua Mot Cot, Doi Can, Ba Dinh

TEMPLE OF LITERATURE

The Temple of Literature, known as Văn Miếu in Vietnamese, was commissioned by Emperor Ly Thanh Tong during the Ly dynasty in 1070. Its purpose was to pay tribute to Confucius and his followers. By 1076, it had transformed into Hanoi's first university, Quốc Tử Giám, marking a significant educational milestone for the city. This historic site holds the distinction of being one of Hanoi's most ancient landmarks, symbolizing the rich legacy of Vietnamese education and architectural prowess. Today, the temple comprises five splendid courtyards, archives celebrating the achievements of Vietnamese scholars, and iconic turtle statues believed to bestow good fortune upon students in their examinations.

Hours: 8am - 5pm, from November until March; 7:30am - 6pm for the rest of the year, Tue-Sun

Address: 58 Quoc Tu Giam, Dong Da

HO CHI MINH MAUSOLEUM

The Museum of Ethnology is a captivating institution that delves into the daily existence of Vietnam's diverse array of 54 ethnic minority groups. This remarkable museum was conceived by the collaborative efforts of ethnic Tay architect Ha Duc Linh and French architect Veronique Dolfus. Its extensive exhibition spaces are organized into three principal areas, offering visitors a multifaceted experience. Within these exhibits, you'll encounter a vibrant display of cultural attire, handicrafts, videos, and valuable artifacts. Moreover, the outdoor area provides a striking spectacle with life-sized recreations of various ethnic architectural marvels.

Hours: 8:30am - 5:30pm, Tue-Sun

Address: Nguyen Van Huyen, Nghia Do, Cau Giay

THE OLD QUARTER

Hanoi's historic Old Quarter encompasses a compact square kilometer, comprising precisely 36 distinct streets. Since the 15th century, each of these streets has been a bustling hub for skilled artisans and craftsmen, specializing in the unique wares that lent their names to these streets. Remarkably, the allure of these historic streets has endured through the centuries. As you stroll through this enchanting neighborhood, you'll be captivated by the transition from Silver Street to Bamboo Street, Silk Street to Decoration Street—all conveniently nestled within a stone's throw of each other.

Pro tip: When night falls, make your way to the lively Bia Hơi Corner, situated at the crossroads of Ta Hien and Luong Ngoc Quyen. Here, you can savor delectable street food and enjoy budget-friendly brews, creating a memorable culinary experience.

Hours: all day

Address: North of Hoan Kiem Lake

HANOI OPERA HOUSE

The Hanoi Opera House, a stunning colonial-era edifice, was built at the dawn of the 20th century and stands as Vietnam's largest theater.After nearly 100 years of operation, the Opera House was carefully refurbished in 1997 and equipped with state-of-the-art facilities. In the present day, this iconic venue continues to draw renowned performers, productions and musicians.

Address: So 01, Trang Tien, Hoan Kiem

VIETNAMESE WOMEN'S MUSEUM

The Vietnamese Women’s Museum is one of the most modern museums in Vietnam. Housing a series of excellent exhibitions presenting artefacts, costumes, crafts, memoirs,and photographs from the past 100 years, the museum reveals the pivotal role of Vietnamese women in their country's history and society.

Hours: 8am - 5pm, Tue-Sun

Address: 36 Ly Thuong Kiet, Hang Bai Ward, Hoan Kiem

THE WATER PUPPET THEATRE

The Water Puppet Theatre has its origins tracing back to the 11th century, offering a delightful blend of entertainment and a window into Vietnamese folklore. In this captivating art form, puppeteers stand in waist-deep water, skillfully manipulating lacquered wooden puppets with bamboo poles hidden behind a screen. These intricate performances vividly recreate scenes from rural village life, creating a unique and enchanting cultural experience.

Hours: 3:30pm, 5pm, 6:30pm, 8pm, 9:15pm every day, and an additional performance on Sundays at 9:30pm

Address: 57b Dinh Tien Hoang, Hoan Kiem

HOAN KIEM LAKE

Hoan Kiem Lake is steeped in legend and history. According to the tale, Emperor Ly Thai To received a mystical sword from a giant golden turtle who lived in the lake in order to defeat the Ming dynasty. After achieving victory, Ly Thai To returned the sword to the turtle who dove down to return the sword to the gods. Beyond its mythical allure, Hoan Kiem Lake is cherished for its scenic splendor and its ability to offer glimpses into the everyday life of Hanoians. Along its shores, you can observe locals engaging in their daily exercise routines and practicing Tai Chi amidst the serene garden setting by the water's edge.

Hours: Open all day

NGOC SON TEMPLE

Nestled on a petite, tree-draped island on the northern banks of Hoan Kiem Lake, you'll discover Ngoc Son Temple, also known as The Temple of the Jade Mountain. This quintessential Vietnamese architectural gem is linked to the mainland by a picturesque scarlet bridge. It was erected as a tribute to the esteemed scholar Saint Van Xuong and the revered national hero General Tran Hung Dao.In 1884, the Confucian scholar made a series of renovations to the site, including adding parallel sentences (câu đối) or word puzzles to the walls.

Hours: 7:30am - 5:30pm, every day

Address: Hoan Kiem Lake

SAINT JOSEPH'S CATHEDRAL

Saint Joseph's Cathedral, often referred to as Hanoi Cathedral, stands upon the historic grounds of the Bao Thien Tower, a renowned landmark during the Ly Dynasty in the capital. The cathedral's architect drew inspiration from the Neo-Gothic design of the Notre Dame de Paris, resulting in its striking appearance. A visit to this iconic site will introduce you to a diverse congregation of worshipers and offer the chance to witness many Vietnamese newlyweds partaking in romantic photo sessions amidst its charming ambiance.

Hours: 8am - noon, 2pm - 6pm, every day

Address: 40 Nha Chung, Hoan Kiem